PHASE-1
There are many Problems in urban growth in India, but among them an increase in the proportion of slums and squatters especially in the ‘metros’ and other large cities have been prominent. Generally, the poor inhabit such locations and their growth has often occurred independent of any surge in prosperity through large scale in industrialization. Hence, the level of urbanization and the rate of urban expansion may not always be caused by the ‘pull’ of economic prosperity and opportunity in the cities; it is sometimes caused by the ‘push’ from rural areas due to significant changes in the mode of production in agriculture…in which there is a steady increase in the proportion of the rural population who are compelled to seek a living outside agriculture.
As per the 2001 estimate, the slum proportion in Indian cities is estimated to be 61.8 million. The ever increasing slum population is causing tremendous pressure on urban basic services and infrastructure. The rising urban population over the years has given rise to increase the number of urban poor. The ever increasing slum population is causing tremendous pressure on urban basic services. In order to cope with the problems the need to draw to draw up a coherent urbanization policy to implement projects in select cities on mission mode was felt. The duration of the JNNURM is seven years beginning from the year 2005-06.
The mission objectives are:
- Focused attention to integrated development of Basic Services to the urban poor.
- Provision of Basic Services to the Urban Poor including security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring delivery through convergence of other already existing universal services.
- Ensure adequate investment of funds to fulfill the deficiencies in the Basic Services to the Urban Poor.
- Secure effective linkages between asset creation and asset management so that the basic Service to the Urban Poor are maintained efficiently and becoming self-sustaining over time.
- Scale up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to urban poor.
The policy and programs of recent years show a shift from the earlier emphasis of ‘slum free cities’. In majority of the slums it has been found that attempts of relocating of slums would have adverse economic consequences. Furthermore, relocating of slums to outskirts of the city would lead to taking the slum dwellers far away from their working place. So, this will make the matter worse than welfare of the slum dwellers. Keep this in mind, focus has been put on construction of housing and development of infrastructure facilities at the present location of the slums.
The Environment Improvement in Urban Sector (EIUS), in operation since 1974, has been partially successful in improving the living environment of slum dwellers. The scheme suffered from lack of community involvement in planning, implementation and monitoring of the program. Although some successes have been achieved, the Jawaharlal National Urban Renewal Mission for the basic Services to the Urban Poor is perhaps the first major positive approach to addressing the issues related to slums. The mission’s aim is to establish clear long term strategies that address the following issues:
- Land titles
- Greater effectiveness of urban poverty-eradication programs
- Public awareness-building programs on slum population
- Relocation of unauthorized new slums around canals and roads
- Community participation and clear understanding of the role of each actor and stakeholder
- Poverty reduction approaches to slum improvement
- Municipal institutional arrangements, capacity building and institutional strengthening.
A.PROJECT COST
ITEM OF WORK |
COST |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Housing (single storied) 2135 Dus @ Rs 1.10 /DU |
2348.5 |
|||||||
Basic Infrastructure Roads 611.66 |
2036.65 |
|||||||
Storm Water Drain 1081.78 |
||||||||
Water Supply 205.72 |
||||||||
Sewerage 0.00 |
||||||||
Street light 137.49 |
||||||||
SUBTOTAL |
4385.15 |
|||||||
Social infrastructure Community Hall 15 Nos. @ Rs 4.02 /Unit |
60.3 |
|||||||
TOTAL PROJECT COST |
4445.45 |
A.PROJECT FINANCING
ITEM |
PROJECT COST |
CENTRAL SHARE |
STATE SHARE |
BREAKUP OF STATE |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beneficiary Contrib. |
ULB’s Share |
State Grant |
||||||
Housing |
2348.5 |
1174.25 |
1174.25 |
469.7 |
35.23 |
669.32 |
||
Roads |
611.66 |
305.83 |
305.83 |
0 |
15.29 |
290.54 |
||
Drains |
1081.78 |
540.89 |
540.89 |
0 |
27.04 |
513.85 |
||
Water |
205.72 |
102.86 |
102.86 |
0 |
5.14 |
97.72 |
||
Sewerage |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
Street Light |
137.49 |
68.75 |
68.75 |
0 |
3.44 |
65.31 |
||
Community Centre |
60.3 |
30.15 |
30.15 |
0 |
1.51 |
28.64 |
||
TOTAL |
4445.45 |
2222.73 |
2222.73 |
469.7 |
87.65 |
1665.37 |
||
5% Cont. |
222.27 |
111.14 |
111.14 |
0 |
5.56 |
105.58 |
||
5% E&OE |
222.27 |
111.14 |
111.14 |
0 |
5.56 |
105.58 |
||
TOTAL |
4890 |
2445 |
2445 |
469.7 |
98.76 |
1876.53 |
PHASE-2
Background:
The Cities have acted as the engines of economic growth and has played a vital role in the country’s socio-economic growth, transformation and change. The exponential increase in population and unplanned growth has resulted in rapid urbanization, which has created enormous pressure on the availability of land and infrastructure with the result that most cities and towns are severely stressed in terms of infrastructure and availability of basic services.
As per 2001 population Census, 283.35 million people reside in Urban Area. This constitutes 27.8% of the total population of the country. The rising Urban population has also given rise to increase in the number of urban poor living in the difficult circumstances in the slums. As per 2001 census the slum population is estimated to be 61.8 million, the ever increasing number of slum dwellers causes’ tremendous pressure on urban basic services and infrastructure.
The Government of India has defined slum areas where buildings are unfit for human habitation (Slum Area Act, 1956). Physically, slums consists of clusters of hutment comprising several rooms constructed with building materials where each room is inhabited by a family sharing a common latrine without arrangement for water supply, drains, disposal of solid waste and garbage within the slum boundaries. Apart from degrading environmental conditions, slums in the urban settlements are also characterized by almost total absence of community and recreational facilities.
The existence of slums in urban areas essentially reflects urban poverty and despite the efforts to discourage slum dwellers, their number has been increasing. This puts tremendous pressure on urban basic services and infrastructure. Nearly 26 million persons lived in slums in 1981 accounting for over 17 percent of Indian urban population. In 1991 the number of persons living in slums increased to 46 million accounting for over 21 percent of the urban population. The number of people residing in slums in 2001 is over 61 million.
The problems are expected to be further aggravated as the level of urbanization goes up and the urban population goes up and the urban population comes closer to the level of the rural population is going to be living in slums.
Slums were often viewed as – “Eyesores”; “Rings of Misery”; “Creeping Cancers”. However, the slums provide support to cities in the provision of services and act as reservoirs of cheap labour and contribute a significant proportion of urban income through the informal sector. The major problems of slum population are lack of security of land tenure, potable drinking water, sanitation employment, economic opportunities, facilities of health, hygiene, child care, education, skill acquisition, access to credit, proximity of shelter to jobs and affordable and acceptable shelter.
There has over the years, been a paradigm shift in the Government’s slum policy prescriptions. Originally, a slum free cities policy was prescribed. However, looking at the social dimensions of the whole problem and the various economic activities carried out by the slum dwellers. This concept has a given way to rehabilitation of slum dwellers. It has been recognized that there is an urgent need to provide an integrated and holistic approach to address the present situation.
The Sub-Mission on Basic Services to the Urban Poor(BSUP) under the JNNURM has been launched with thrust on integrated development of slums through projects for providing shelter, basic services and other related civic amenities with a view to provide utilities to the urban poor.
The objectives of the program are as follows:
- Focused attention to integrated development of Basic Services to the Urban Poor in the cities covered under the Mission.
- Provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor including security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring delivery through convergence of other already existing universal services of the government for education, health and social security.
- It will be carefully noticed that the urban poor are provided housing near their place of occupation.
- Secure effective linkages between asset creation and asset management so that the basic services created in the cities, are efficient and self-sustaining at the same time.
- Ensure adequate investment of funds to fulfill deficiencies in the Basic Services to Urban Poor.
- Focus on urban renewal program for the old city areas to reduce congestion.
- Scale up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to the urban poor.
Abstract:
- Project : Basic Services to the Urban Poor(BSUP)
RAJPUR SONARPUR MUNICIPALITY - Nodal Agency : Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority
- Component Wise Project Cost : RS. 4447.71 lacs
A. COST ESTIMATE FOR PROVISION OF HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE
SL No | Scheme Components | Quantity | Cost (Rs in lacs) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | HOUSING | 1788 | 2633.72 |
TOTAL | 2633.72 |
B. COST ESTIMATE FOR PROVISION OF PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Sl No | Scheme Components | Cost (Rs in lacs) |
---|---|---|
1 | ROADS, BOUNDARY WALL & JOGGING TRACK | 362.9 |
2 | WATER SUPPLY | 515.05 |
3 | DRAINAGE | 211.76 |
4 | SEWERAGE | 392.5 |
5 | ELECTRIFICATION | 122.23 |
6 | PLANTATIONS | 32 |
Total | 1646.43 |
C. COST ESTIMATE FOR PROVISION OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Sl No | Scheme Components | Cost (Rs in lacs) |
---|---|---|
1 | COMMUNITY/LIVELYHOOD CENTRE | 128.36 |
2 | INFORMAL MARKET | 49.19 |
TOTAL | 177.55 |
D. SHARING COST BETWEEN GOI, GOWB AND ULB/BENEFICIARIES
Scheme Components |
Estimated Cost (Rs in lacs) |
Govt Of India |
GOWB/ULB |
BENEFICIARY |
---|---|---|---|---|
HOUSING |
2633.72 |
1316.86 |
790.12 |
526.74 |
PHYSICAL |
1636.44 |
818.22 |
818.22 |
0 |
SOCIAL |
177.55 |
88.78 |
88.78 |
0 |
Total |
4447.71 |
2223.86 |
1696.92 |
526.74 |
For Details of updated BSUP physical progress click here: http://www.jnnurmwestbengal.gov.in/